ネパール共産党とドゥンゲル恩赦(4)

５．平和か正義か？
ウジャン殺害事件が難しいのは，それが内戦としての人民戦争の中で，交戦中の一方の勢力たるマオイストの作戦の一環と見られる余地が全くないとは言い切れないからである。

人民戦争終結のための「包括和平協定」（2006年）には，戦時の諸事件は「真実和解委員会（TRC）」等の和平機関を設置し，そこで解決を図るとの取り決めもある。マオイスト側は，党幹部もYCLなどの傘下諸組織も，ウジャン殺害事件は人民戦争中のスパイ絡みの「政治的な事件」だから，TRCで解決されるべきだと繰り返し主張してきた。

それなのに，もしウジャン殺害事件が戦後，通常の裁判所で「刑事犯罪」として裁かれ処罰されることになれば，他の同様の行為も「刑事犯罪」となり，責任追及は他の党幹部にも及ぶ恐れがある。マオイストとしては，これはどうしても未然に防止しなければならない事態である。

他方，被害者側からすれば，ウジャン殺害は異カースト間結婚に絡む殺人であり，殺人事件として裁かれ処罰されるべきだし，たとえ仮に人民戦争の一環だとしても，ウジャン殺害は国際法が禁止する人道に反する虐殺行為であり，戦争犯罪として裁かれ処罰されるべきだ，と主張している。内外の人権諸団体は，この観点からウジャン側を一貫して強力に支援している。ウジャン側のこの主張も，もっともである。

ウジャン殺害事件は，理念的には，平和と正義の相克の問題である。平和と正義は，同時に実現されるのであれば，それが理想である。が，現実には，いくらそれを願い努力しても，そうならない場合が少なくない。

平和のため正義を，正義のために平和を，ある程度断念せざるをえない場合が，現実には少なくない。悲しく苦しく無念な事態だが，不完全な人間の業であり宿命として観念せざるを得ないのではないだろうか。

■カトマンズポスト2016-11-21

*1 British Embassy Kathmandu, “Information Pack for British Prisoners in Kathmandu Prisoners pack template – 2015,” 1 July 2015
*2 Rajeev Ranjan and Jivesh Jha, “Pardoning criminals: Nepal’s communism model?,” Lokantar, 2018-06-29
*3 “Students, cops clash in Tanahun,” Kathmandu Post, Jun 12, 2018
*4 Yubaraj Ghimire, “Next Door Nepal: Reading the reprieve Presidential pardon to Maoist leader points to the threat of authoritarianism,” Indian Express, June 4, 2018
*5 “New laws for pardon, waiver, suspension, commutation of sentence sought,” Himalayan, June 03, 2018
*6 “Investigation into war crimes gets tougher under new govt ‘Former rebels wielding new-found political influence to hinder probe’ , “ Kathmandu Post, May 31, 2018
*7 BINOD GHIMIRE, “Dhungel freed despite criticism,” Kathmandu Post, May 30, 2018
*8 Ananta Raj Luitel, “SC refuses stay order in president’s pardon for Dhungel,” Republica, May 30, 2018
*9 Binod Ghimire, “Nepal Communist Party leader Dhungel freed despite criticism,” Kathmandu Post, 30 May 2018
*10 “President pardons Dhungel, decision condemned,” Republica, May 30, 2018
*11 Yubaraj Ghimire, “Nepal President Bidhya Devi Bhandari, PM OLi under fire for pardoning Maoist murder convict Dhungel,” Indian Express, May 30, 2018
*12 “Nepali Congress objects to Dhungel’s release,” Himalayan, May 29, 2018
*13 “Murder-convict Dhungel gets presidential pardon,” Kathmandu Post, May 29, 2018
*14 “SC seeks govt file on Dhungel pardon,” Kathmandu Post, May 29, 2018
*15 “SC refuses interim order against govt decision to grant amnesty to Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, May 29, 2018
*16 “SC to hear Dhungel’s case today,” Kathmandu Post, May 28, 2018
*17 “Hearing on govt decision to offer amnesty to murder-convict Dhungel on Monday ,” Kathmandu Post, May 27, 2018
*18 “Apex court show-cause to government on Dhungel clemency bid,” Kathmandu Post, May 26, 2018
*19 “Don’t misuse the presidential pardon,” Review Nepal, May 25 2018
*20 “Writ at SC against recommendation to waive remaining jail sentence of Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, May 24, 2018
*21 Yubaraj Ghimire, “Nepal: Oli government prepares for clemency to ex-Maoist leaders serving jail term,” Indian Express, May 24, 2018
*22 “Republic Day pardon recommended for Balkrishna Dhungel,” Himalayan, May 22, 2018
*23 Kosh Raj Koirala, “New ordinance to extend term of TRC, CIEDP by a year,” Republica, January 4, 2018
*24 “Demonstration in Okhaldhunga demanding Dhungel’s release,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 1, 2017
*25 “CPN (MC) demands prompt release of Dhungel Kathmandu,” Kathmandu Post, Oct 31, 2017
*26 “YCL demands immediate release of Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Oct 31, 2017
*27 “Murder convict leader Bal Krishna Dhungel arrested, sent to Dillibazaar prison,” Kathmandu Post, Oct 31, 2017
*28 “Contempt of court writ filed against IGP Aryal,” Kathmandu Post, Oct 24, 2017
*29 “Court to govt: Arrest murder convict Bal Krishna Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Apr 14, 2017
*30 “Issue arrest warrant against Bal Krishna Dhungel: SC orders IGP Aryal,” Kathmandu Post, Apr 13, 2017
*31 DEWAN RAI, “Supreme Court asks police again to arrest Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Dec 26, 2016
*32 “Government eases criteria for clemency,” Himalayan, May 07, 2016
*33 “No amnesty to Bal Krishna Dhungel: SC,” Kathmandu Post, Jan 7, 2016
*34 Pranab Kharel, “SC to begin fresh hearing on appeal against Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Sep 5, 2014
*35 “Jail-sentenced former Maoist cadre arrested & jailed,” Kathmandu Post, May 13, 2014
*36 “NC, UML reiterate stance against presidential pardon to Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 14, 2011
*37 Pranab Kharel, “SC stays Cabinet decision to pardon lawmaker Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 13, 2011
*38 Pranab Kharel, “To pardon or not to pardon, Prez ponders,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 13, 2011
*39 “Oppositions to raise Dhungel’s issue in House today,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 11, 2011
*40 “Lawmakers warn govt over Dhungel plea,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 11, 2011
*41 “Serious lapses in parties’ PR lists,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 11, 2013
*42 “RPP-N chair against clemency to Dhungel,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 10, 2011
*43 “Rights groups to protest if Dhungel pardoned,” Kathmandu Post, Nov 10, 2011
*44 DEWAN RAI, “Apex court denies clemency to murder convict Dhungel Issues mandamus order to send Maoist leader to prison for life,” Kathmandu Post, June 24, 1998

谷川昌幸（C）